Zosintha Zatsopano za UL 1449 Surge Protector: Zofunikira Zatsopano Zoyesera pa Ntchito Zogwiritsa Ntchito Malo Onyowa

Dziwani za kusintha kwa muyezo wa UL 1449 Surge Protective Devices (SPDs), kuwonjezera zofunikira pa mayeso a zinthu zomwe zili m'malo onyowa, makamaka pogwiritsa ntchito mayeso okhazikika a kutentha ndi chinyezi. Dziwani zomwe chitetezo cha surge chili, komanso momwe malo onyowa alili.

Zoteteza ku mafunde (Zida Zoteteza Ku mafunde, SPDs) nthawi zonse zimaonedwa kuti ndi chitetezo chofunikira kwambiri pa zipangizo zamagetsi. Zimatha kuletsa kusinthasintha kwa mphamvu ndi mphamvu zomwe zimasonkhanitsidwa, kotero kuti zipangizo zotetezedwa zisawonongeke ndi kugwedezeka kwa mphamvu mwadzidzidzi. Choteteza ku mafunde chingakhale chipangizo chathunthu chopangidwa pachokha, kapena chingapangidwe ngati gawo ndikuyikidwa mu zipangizo zamagetsi za dongosolo lamagetsi.

Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, zoteteza ma surge zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'njira zosiyanasiyana, koma nthawi zonse zimakhala zofunika kwambiri pankhani ya chitetezo. Muyezo wa UL 1449 ndi muyezo womwe akatswiri masiku ano amaudziwa bwino akamafunsira mwayi wopeza msika.

Ndi zovuta zomwe zikuchulukirachulukira za zida zamagetsi komanso momwe zimagwiritsidwira ntchito m'mafakitale ambiri, monga magetsi a mumsewu a LED, njanji, 5G, photovoltaics ndi zamagetsi zamagalimoto, kugwiritsa ntchito ndi kupanga zoteteza ma surge kukukwera mofulumira, ndipo miyezo yamakampani iyeneranso kuyenderana ndi nthawi ndikukhala ndi zosintha zatsopano.

Tanthauzo la Malo Ozizira

Kaya ndi NFPA 70 ya National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) kapena National Electrical Code® (NEC), "malo onyowa" afotokozedwa momveka bwino motere:

Malo otetezedwa ku nyengo ndipo sadzala ndi madzi kapena zakumwa zina koma amakhalanso ndi chinyezi chapakati.

Makamaka, mahema, makhonde otseguka, ndi zipinda zapansi kapena nyumba zosungiramo zinthu zozizira, ndi zina zotero, ndi malo omwe "amakhala ndi chinyezi chochepa" mu code.

Pamene choteteza ma surge (monga varistor) chayikidwa mu chinthu chomaliza, mwina chifukwa chakuti chinthu chomalizacho chayikidwa kapena kugwiritsidwa ntchito pamalo omwe ali ndi chinyezi chosiyanasiyana, ndipo ziyenera kuganiziridwa kuti pamalo onyowa otere, choteteza ma surge chingathe kukwaniritsa miyezo yachitetezo m'malo onse.

Zofunikira pa Kuwunika Magwiridwe Antchito a Zinthu M'malo Ozizira

Miyezo yambiri imafuna kuti zinthu zidutse mayeso odalirika kuti zitsimikizire magwiridwe antchito panthawi yonse ya moyo wa chinthucho, monga kutentha kwambiri ndi chinyezi chambiri, kutentha kwambiri, kugwedezeka ndi zinthu zoyeserera kugwetsa. Pa mayeso okhudzana ndi malo oyeserera chinyezi, mayeso okhazikika a kutentha ndi chinyezi adzagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati kuwunika kwakukulu, makamaka kutentha kwa 85°C/85% chinyezi (chomwe chimadziwika kuti "mayeso awiri a 85") ndi kutentha kwa 40°C/93% Chinyezi Kuphatikiza kwa magawo awiriwa a magawo.

Kuyesa kutentha ndi chinyezi kosalekeza cholinga chake ndi kufulumizitsa moyo wa chinthucho kudzera mu njira zoyesera. Kungathe kuwunika bwino mphamvu ya chinthucho yoletsa kukalamba, kuphatikizapo kuganizira ngati chinthucho chili ndi makhalidwe a moyo wautali komanso kutayika kochepa m'malo apadera.

Tachita kafukufuku wa mafunso okhudza makampaniwa, ndipo zotsatira zake zikusonyeza kuti opanga zinthu zambiri zogwiritsidwa ntchito mkati mwa kampaniyi akupanga zofunikira pakuwunika kutentha ndi chinyezi cha zinthu zoteteza ma surge ndi zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mkati, koma muyezo wa UL 1449 panthawiyo sunali ndi chizindikiro chofanana. Chifukwa chake, wopanga ayenera kuchita mayeso ena okha atalandira satifiketi ya UL 1449; ndipo ngati lipoti la satifiketi la chipani chachitatu likufunika, kuthekera kwa njira yogwirira ntchito yomwe yatchulidwayi kudzachepa. Kuphatikiza apo, pamene chinthu chogwiritsidwa ntchito mkati mwa kampaniyi chikufuna satifiketi ya UL, chidzakumananso ndi vuto lakuti lipoti la satifiketi la zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mkati mwa kampaniyi sizikuphatikizidwa mu mayeso ogwiritsira ntchito malo onyowa, ndipo kuwunika kwina kumafunika.

Timamvetsetsa zosowa za makasitomala ndipo tatsimikiza mtima kuthandiza makasitomala kuthetsa mavuto omwe amakumana nawo pakugwira ntchito kwenikweni. UL idayambitsa dongosolo losinthira la 1449.

Zofunikira zoyeserera zofanana nazo zawonjezeredwa ku muyezo

Muyezo wa UL 1449 posachedwapa wawonjezera zofunikira zoyesera zinthu zomwe zili m'malo onyowa. Opanga angasankhe kuwonjezera mayeso atsopanowa pachikwama choyesera pamene akufunsira satifiketi ya UL.

Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, mayeso ogwiritsira ntchito malo onyowa nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito mayeso okhazikika a kutentha ndi chinyezi. Zotsatirazi zikuwonetsa njira yoyesera kuti zitsimikizire kuyenerera kwa Varistor (MOV)/Gas Discharge Tube (GDT) pakugwiritsa ntchito malo onyowa:

Zitsanzo zoyeserera zidzayesedwa kaye kuti zikalamba pa kutentha kwambiri komanso chinyezi chambiri kwa maola 1000, kenako mphamvu ya varistor ya varistor kapena mphamvu ya kusweka kwa chubu chotulutsa mpweya idzayerekezeredwa kuti zitsimikizire ngati zida zoteteza mafunde zimatha kukhala nthawi yayitali. Mu chilengedwe chonyowa, imasungabe ntchito yake yoyambirira yoteteza.